Testicular Pain: Causes, Symptoms, and Relief

Testicular pain is a discomforting and concerning symptom experienced by men that can result from various causes. Recognizing potential sources, understanding associated symptoms, and seeking appropriate care are crucial for effective management and relief.

Common Causes:

• Orchitis: Inflammation of the testicle, often due to viral or bacterial infections.

• Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis, a coiled tube near the testicle, frequently caused by infections or trauma.
• Testicular Torsion: Twisting of the spermatic cord, which can cut off blood flow to the testicle and is considered a medical emergency.
• Hernia: A hernia in the groyne area can cause referred pain to the testicle.
• Trauma: Injury or direct trauma to the testicles, which may result from accidents, sports, or physical activities.
• Kidney Stones: Sometimes, the pain from a kidney stone can radiate to the testicles.
• Inguinal Hernia: A hernia in the groyne region can lead to testicular discomfort or pain.
• Cancer: Testicular cancer, while less common, can cause pain or discomfort.

Symptoms:

• Testicular Pain: Discomfort or pain in one or both testicles, ranging from mild to severe.

• Swelling: Enlargement or swelling of the testicle or the scrotum.
• Redness or Warmth: Inflamed or warm skin over the affected area.
• Fever: Infections like orchitis or epididymitis may be accompanied by a fever.
• Nausea and Vomiting: In severe cases, testicular torsion can cause nausea and vomiting.
• Urinary Symptoms: Burning or pain during urination may occur with certain infections.

Diagnosis:

Accurate diagnosis of testicular pain involves a comprehensive evaluation, including:

• Medical History: Discussing symptoms, their onset, and relevant medical history.

• Physical Examination: Assessment of the testicles, groyne, and abdomen for tenderness, swelling, or abnormalities.
• Ultrasound: Imaging studies such as ultrasound can help visualise the testicles and identify potential issues.
• Urine Tests: Checking for infections through urinalysis.
• Blood Tests: For markers of testicular cancer or signs of inflammation.
• Exploratory Surgery (in Some Cases): When torsion or other issues cannot be confirmed by other means.

Treatment Options:

• Antibiotics: Prescribed for bacterial infections like orchitis or epididymitis.

• Pain Medications: Over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers for discomfort.
• Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: To reduce inflammation and pain.
• Elevation and Rest: Keeping the scrotum elevated and avoiding strenuous activities.
• Scrotal Support: Using a scrotal support or athletic cup for added comfort.
• Ice Packs: Applying ice packs to the scrotum for pain relief.
• Surgery (in Some Cases):

  • Testicular Torsion: Urgent surgical intervention to untwist the spermatic cord.

  • Hernia Repair: Surgery to repair a hernia that may be causing referred pain.

Prevention:

• Safe Practices: Wearing protective gear during sports or activities that pose a risk of testicular injury.

• Hygiene: Practising good genital hygiene to prevent infections.
• Testicular Self-Exams: Regularly examining the testicles for lumps or changes in size.
• Seeking Prompt Medical Attention: If you suspect testicular torsion or experience sudden, severe pain.

When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention:

• Sudden Severe Pain: Especially if accompanied by nausea or vomiting.

• Testicular Torsion Suspected: Rapid onset of severe pain and swelling.
• Signs of Infection: Fever, redness, warmth, or discharge from the penis.
• Trauma: If you experience significant testicular trauma, seek medical care immediately.
• Changes in Testicle Size or Texture: New lumps, hardening, or other abnormalities.